IPTV – what is it: technology and operating principle

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is a digital video data transmission technology that utilizes the Internet Protocol (IP) for delivering television content. It represents the next stage in television evolution after cable and satellite TV. Here’s how it works:

1. IP Protocol: This establishes the mechanism for data transmission between devices connected to the network. The content is packaged into variable-length IP packets, which are transmitted across the IP network and displayed on screens.
2. Television Mode: This involves transmitting audio and visual content. Unlike traditional TV, IPTV doesn’t require an antenna; it works through Smart TVs or IPTV set-top boxes. On tablets and smartphones, video streams are played using emulators and media players.

   The basic principle of IPTV is as follows:

   • You select a channel, show, or movie and send a signal to the provider’s server. This happens when you press buttons on your remote control if you’re using a TV.
   • The content stream from the server-source is delivered to your user device.
   • The IPTV set-top box or application decodes the IP packets and displays them in real-time.

IPTV can be categorized based on the type of provider:

• Interactive IPTV: This form is not transmitted over the public internet. Instead, data is sent via private networks of telecommunications providers. Interactive IPTV is not free; channel packages and additional services are paid according to the provider’s tariffs. It allows features like recording, rewinding, and independence from broadcast schedules.
• Internet Television (Online TV): Providers offer paid or free services. Information is transmitted via streaming video and is presented in the form of playlists for set-top boxes and emulators. There’s no interactivity; you simply watch channels over the internet.
• OTT (Over The Top): A subset of smart TV technology, OTT providers transmit either broadcast TV or VoD (Video on Demand) libraries. TV channels are displayed on screens through IPTV applications.

• How to watch
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